Artificial intelligence (AI), is poised to bring the Art of Medicine into the future. These smart algorithms will free physicians’ time by automating administrative tasks and aiding with decision-making. This time can then be used to provide care that is humane.
Investors are also interested in this technology to drive growth in the sector. The global market for AI in healthcare will reach $28 billion by 2025. This increased interest in the technology is also leading to false information and hype. To attract clients and investors, companies falsely claim that their solutions are AI-based. News headlines use the term excessively to grab attention and increase audience engagement. This has made it difficult for doctors to discern the truth from the hype around AI in healthcare.
A concise guide for medical professionals to better understand the basics of AI, and how it can be used in medicine is essential. Unfortunately, many of the available guides are too brief, too detailed or too narrowly focused on one area. It is difficult to find a middle ground that provides easily digestible information about AI.
This gap was addressed by the latest study by The Medical Futurist Institute. Bertalan Mesko M.D. led the study’A Brief Guide for Medical Professionals in The Era of Artificial Intelligence‘. This paper is the second to be published by TMFI in this high-level journal. It is available in open access here. We are also guiding medical professionals to the world of AI through this article.
AI levels and definitions, made easy
Artificial intelligence is simply a form of intelligence that machines can demonstrate. It mimics human cognitive functions like problem-solving and learning through algorithms or a set rules that the machine follows.
Nick Bostrom, a philosopher from the University of Oxford, expanded the definition to include three levels of AI development.
Artificial Intelligence (ANI), ANI has pattern recognition capabilities in large data sets. It can solve text-, voice-, or image-based classifications and clustering problems. This algorithm excels at a single task. It can play chess more than any grandmaster but its intelligence is zero.
Artificial General Intelligence:
Although AGI is still not possible, its cognitive abilities surpass those of humans. It can think, reason, remember, and solve problems just like you.
Artificial Superintelligence (ASI).
ASI’s cognitive ability is also a theoretical concept. It can be compared to the entire human race. ASI’s knowledge would not be understood by humans, and it might even be considered a threat. Many organisations do everything possible to avoid this stage.
These definitions and levels can be used to estimate the “ideal AI” This theoretical threshold, represented by the green dot in the graphic above is much more advanced than current ANI, but not at the level AGI.
These definitions show that AI itself is a stratified technology. It is currently more common than ANI, but has its limitations. Let’s take a closer look at the technology and how it works.
The AI child and the human teacher: The methods of AI
The technology can still be compared to a child, despite the impressive prowess AI boasts. Children will learn to follow instructions and perform well under supervision. AI developers act as the children and AI acts as the teacher.
Developers can use machine learning (ML) to enable algorithms to learn tasks without having to be programmed. Smart algorithms can identify patterns in data by using ML techniques, provided they are fed with sufficient data and quality. There are many ML subtypes, and also combined methods. However, three main subtypes, as well as deep learning (DL) are more applicable to healthcare. These are discussed below.
1. Supervised learning
This ML subtype can be compared to teaching a child what to do. This subtype is used when the algorithm’s precise task can be defined using the data. It can look like this in medical practice. There are two groups of patients, Group A or Group B. Each group has their own set medical records. The set for Group A includes the family history, laboratory markers, and details about the diagnosis. The same information is found in Group B’s set, but the diagnosis is missing. An algorithm can be trained with supervised learning to assign the correct diagnosis to Group B based on the labels and associations it has learned about Group A. This is the most commonly used mode of training.
2. Unsupervised learning
This method is similar to learning without a teacher, as the name implies. Although the starting tools are available, the child determines the final result. The algorithm can find associations between different datasets that we provide. It will also discover connections with other data sources, including ones that might not have been considered. We do not alter the algorithm based upon the outcome. This model can be used to identify new drug-drug interactions and cluster patients based on the attributes that they have.
3. Reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning is similar to unsupervised learning in that it gives the child the tools and then leaves them to decide how to accomplish the task. But reinforcement learning is different from unsupervised learning. It requires input from the teacher. The algorithm is pushed towards the best path of action by AI developers after a series (but not after every action, as with supervised learning). This subtype is not suitable for healthcare because it cannot be tested on many scenarios. Patient lives are at risk.
4. Deep learning
DL is a subtype of ML with different potentials. It is powered by artificial neural networks (ANN), which are based on the neural network of the brain. DL is a multi-layered ANN structure. The more layers it has the easier it can do complex tasks. Let’s assume we are creating a model that groups patients based upon their diagnosis. An ML algorithm will group medical records that contain “Type 1 diabetes” if the information is given. A DL algorithm, on the other hand, will be able, with minimal human input, to assign patients with the “T1D” abbreviation in their records to the same group. To recognize other ML subtypes, developers will need manual input.
How can you tell the difference between hype and fact
After learning the basics of AI, it’s possible to better understand how to read the news and study the technology. As the infographic below shows, Pubmed has seen an increase in ML/DL research over the past decade.
Online outlets that report on technology and exaggerate its potential are even more common. These steps will help you to understand the technology’s impact and navigate the news flood.
1. It’s all about the data
Check the “Methods” section if a study mentions AI-based technology. This will give you more information about the data used by the authors to train the algorithm. An algorithm can’t be trusted if it doesn’t have a lot of quality data. Collaborations with healthcare institutions and clinicians can help to improve the quality and quantity of data. Some researchers may add to their data using tricks that do not improve its quality. Rotating images can help double the size of a dataset.
2. Clinical solutions to clinical problems
Although state-of the-art AI can scan medical information in seconds, it is difficult to implement in a clinical setting. They might perform worse than real-world medical professionals if they can’t be easily integrated into clinical protocols or provide clear results for the staff.
However, clinical settings are important. It is vital to verify that the algorithm was actually tested with real clinical data. Pre-selected data might not be as reliable when tested with real clinical data.
3. Know your AI
Companies and researchers need to mention which subtypes of ML or D were used when creating an AI-based tool. It is also important to describe the development process. These details should be included in their description. If not, this is a reason to be skeptical that the technology they are describing actually involves AI.
Similar to the above, when you read news articles mentioning “artificial Intelligence”, make sure that the article describes exactly how this term is created. It’s a warning sign to be skeptical about claims made in articles.
Keep up to date
We tried to make this article easy-to-understand. However, we encourage you to continue reading the latest study by Marton Gorog and Dr. Bertalan Mesko about AI for medical professionals.
We recommend staying informed about the latest developments in medical AI. We will be hearing more about A.’s contributions to healthcare, from managing the COVID-19 epidemic to improving prosthetics and unusual associations in medicine. You can rest assured that The Medical Futurist will continue to share the most innovative (and credible!) trends and applications of technology.
Please take a look at the digital course that we created to help you understand the basics and use of AI in healthcare.
The Medical Futurist published the article A Physician’s Visual Guide To Artificial Intelligence.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is alternative medicine important
Alternative medicines are very popular because they’re often cheaper and better for you than traditional treatments. Unfortunately, many patients have died as a result of side effects like allergic reactions. It’s also possible that certain alternative therapies may not help at all.
If you don’t understand enough about alternative medications, it can make your choice difficult. Vitamin supplements, for example, are not regulated like pharmaceuticals. It is easy to overdose on vitamins. Even worse, some alternative remedies contain toxic chemicals.
Is holistic medicine legitimate?
The answer is both yes and no. Yes. Many medicines have been shown to be effective against different ailments. Because they can’t cure every condition. It depends on what you mean by “holistic.” It depends on what you mean when you use the term “holistic”.
Some people claim that holistic medicine has been around since ancient times. This is false. Although natural remedies were used by some healers in ancient Egypt and Rome, they were not scientifically backed.
It wasn’t until after the Middle Ages that medical doctors began to study anatomy. Most Western countries have developed public hospitals, where doctors can provide medical care, by the end of the 19th-century.
Conventional medicine is today the dominant type of healthcare. However, many people still prefer to use complementary and alternative medicine. Many people find that alternative medicine works better than pharmaceutical drugs.
People may feel more relaxed after having massage therapy than they do when taking tranquilizers. Many people prefer eating healthy foods to taking prescription drugs. Others find that exercise is essential for peak performance.
What are some examples of alternative medicine?
Alternative medicine refers only to alternative treatments that are not considered to be effective in treating diseases. These include traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), homeopathy, chiropractic and acupuncture as well as nutritional therapy such like reiki.
Alternative medicine could also refer to any practice that has not been supported by scientific evidence but is used in clinical practice. You can use meditation, hypnosis and yoga to achieve this.
Statistics
- These studies found that 38.4% concluded positive or possibly positive effects for CAM (12.4%), 4.8% concluded no effect, 0.7% concluded harmful effects, and 56.6% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In the 17% in which they disagreed, a third reader agreed with one of the initial readers to set a rating. (en.wikipedia.org)
- The use of alternative medicine in the US has increased, with a 50 percent increase in expenditures and a 25 percent increase in the use of alternative therapies between 1990 and 1997 in America. (en.wikipedia.org)
- According to the World Health Organization, 80% of people use herbal medicine worldwide. (webmd.com)
- According to a 2005 book by a US [116]Institute of Medicine panel, the number of RCTs focused on CAM has risen dramatically. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
liebertpub.com
nccih.nih.gov
- Statistics on Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches
- What’s in a Name for Complementary, Alternative or Integrative Health?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMed: The Rise and Rise of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Sociological Perspective – PubMed
- PubMed – Holistic medicine
doi.org
How To
How to Deal with My Girlfriend Who Trusts Alternative Medicine
Internet advice is available for those who are dealing with someone suffering from mental illness. There is not much information available to assist those who believe in alternative medicine.
It appears that there is a large divide between the two groups. There are two types of people: those who doubt conventional medicine and those who are open to its benefits.
What happens when someone believes there are other treatments for mental illness?
You might feel confused and frustrated because you don’t know how to respond. What do you tell your partner if he says he would rather go to an acupuncturist than his doctor? Or when he suggests to you that he would prefer to eat gluten-free foods than take antidepressants.
It is important to ask questions. Asking them early on could save a lot of heartaches later on.
However, how can you ask such difficult questions without offending him What if he claims he doesn’t believe doctors? Do you tell him he shouldn’t trust anyone?
Or what if she says that she thinks that antidepressants aren’t working? Do you need to tell her that she’s wrong
This is where the conversation gets tricky. You may upset her even further if you point out that she’s wrong.
You could also suggest she see a psychiatrist. This might cause more problems that it solves. She might get angry at you for suggesting this. Perhaps she thinks you are trying her to control the rest of her life.
So what do you need to do?
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This blog is a source of general information and discussion on health and related topics. Information and materials on this blog, on the website, or in any of the connected materials are not intended to replace or used as a substitute for the advice of a medical professional, diagnosis, or treatment. This blog does not represent the application of any nursing, medical or other health professional advice or diagnosis. We are unable to diagnose health conditions, offer second opinions or provide specific treatment recommendations via this blog or on our website.
If you or another person is suffering from a medical issue and you are concerned, consult your doctor or seek out other medical professional treatment as soon as possible. Do not disregard medical advice from a professional or delay seeking it due to information you seen on the blog or website or in any of the linked materials. If you’re experiencing an emergency medical situation, dial 911 or seek emergency medical assistance on the closest phone immediately.
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By: Pranavsingh Dhunnoo
Title: A Physician’s Visual Guide To Artificial Intelligence
Sourced From: medicalfuturist.com/a-physicians-visual-guide-to-artificial-intelligence
Published Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2023 09:00:00 +0000
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is alternative medicine important
Alternative medicines are very popular because they’re often cheaper and better for you than traditional treatments. Unfortunately, many patients have died as a result of side effects like allergic reactions. It’s also possible that certain alternative therapies may not help at all.
If you don’t understand enough about alternative medications, it can make your choice difficult. Vitamin supplements, for example, are not regulated like pharmaceuticals. It is easy to overdose on vitamins. Even worse, some alternative remedies contain toxic chemicals.
Is holistic medicine legitimate?
The answer is both yes and no. Yes. Many medicines have been shown to be effective against different ailments. Because they can’t cure every condition. It depends on what you mean by “holistic.” It depends on what you mean when you use the term “holistic”.
Some people claim that holistic medicine has been around since ancient times. This is false. Although natural remedies were used by some healers in ancient Egypt and Rome, they were not scientifically backed.
It wasn’t until after the Middle Ages that medical doctors began to study anatomy. Most Western countries have developed public hospitals, where doctors can provide medical care, by the end of the 19th-century.
Conventional medicine is today the dominant type of healthcare. However, many people still prefer to use complementary and alternative medicine. Many people find that alternative medicine works better than pharmaceutical drugs.
People may feel more relaxed after having massage therapy than they do when taking tranquilizers. Many people prefer eating healthy foods to taking prescription drugs. Others find that exercise is essential for peak performance.
What are some examples of alternative medicine?
Alternative medicine refers only to alternative treatments that are not considered to be effective in treating diseases. These include traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), homeopathy, chiropractic and acupuncture as well as nutritional therapy such like reiki.
Alternative medicine could also refer to any practice that has not been supported by scientific evidence but is used in clinical practice. You can use meditation, hypnosis and yoga to achieve this.
Statistics
- These studies found that 38.4% concluded positive or possibly positive effects for CAM (12.4%), 4.8% concluded no effect, 0.7% concluded harmful effects, and 56.6% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In the 17% in which they disagreed, a third reader agreed with one of the initial readers to set a rating. (en.wikipedia.org)
- The use of alternative medicine in the US has increased, with a 50 percent increase in expenditures and a 25 percent increase in the use of alternative therapies between 1990 and 1997 in America. (en.wikipedia.org)
- According to the World Health Organization, 80% of people use herbal medicine worldwide. (webmd.com)
- According to a 2005 book by a US [116]Institute of Medicine panel, the number of RCTs focused on CAM has risen dramatically. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
liebertpub.com
nccih.nih.gov
- Statistics on Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches
- What’s in a Name for Complementary, Alternative or Integrative Health?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMed: The Rise and Rise of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Sociological Perspective – PubMed
- PubMed – Holistic medicine
doi.org
How To
How to Deal with My Girlfriend Who Trusts Alternative Medicine
Internet advice is available for those who are dealing with someone suffering from mental illness. There is not much information available to assist those who believe in alternative medicine.
It appears that there is a large divide between the two groups. There are two types of people: those who doubt conventional medicine and those who are open to its benefits.
What happens when someone believes there are other treatments for mental illness?
You might feel confused and frustrated because you don’t know how to respond. What do you tell your partner if he says he would rather go to an acupuncturist than his doctor? Or when he suggests to you that he would prefer to eat gluten-free foods than take antidepressants.
It is important to ask questions. Asking them early on could save a lot of heartaches later on.
However, how can you ask such difficult questions without offending him What if he claims he doesn’t believe doctors? Do you tell him he shouldn’t trust anyone?
Or what if she says that she thinks that antidepressants aren’t working? Do you need to tell her that she’s wrong
This is where the conversation gets tricky. You may upset her even further if you point out that she’s wrong.
You could also suggest she see a psychiatrist. This might cause more problems that it solves. She might get angry at you for suggesting this. Perhaps she thinks you are trying her to control the rest of her life.
So what do you need to do?
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