“Good morning! “How can I help you today?” the virtual assistant asks you as you launch your telemedicine app. After suffering from a runny nose and sore throat for several days, you decide to seek medical attention. After scanning the database, you share your symptoms with an assistant. The assistant then suggests a possible cause. The chatbot replies, ” It's 83% likely that you have allergic symptoms,.” ” I'll send you your prescription soon, but if it is not satisfactory or you feel still unwell, please contact a human doctor.”
You consider the possibility of the diagnosis and the ability of artificial intelligence to deduce the appropriate medication. You decide to see an ENT specialist if your symptoms do not improve after two weeks. The CT scan confirms that you have chronic sinusitis and will need to be operated on.
If it had been detected earlier, you may not have required surgery. In this scenario, who is responsible? The chatbot that suggested allergies over an ENT exam, the doctor who did not supervise the chatbot or patient. What if an algorithm fails to detect a cancerous lesion in an X-ray? Or if a surgical robot damages a nerve bundle, paralysing the patient?
Such questions will be commonplace with AI and its potential for automating processes in medicine. Although it is healthy to ask such questions, it can be difficult to get accurate answers and see the larger picture about how automation will affect healthcare.
The range of automation in medicine
Andrew Ng, founder of deeplearning.ai's newsletter The Batch in February 2021, discussed 5 levels of automation in medicine. Others have used different terminologies but have a similar classification system. It is still the same goal: To show in a concise and easily-understood way how human-AI collaboration in medicine will develop over the coming years and decades. This infographic helps to visualize the range of automation in medicine.
Andrew Ng writes that The algorithms of today are only good enough for certain parts of the spectrum in an application. ” An AI team may gradually progress to higher levels of automation as it gains experience and gathers data.
Although there has been a lot of progress in the last few months, he believes that generative AI is still far away from Artificial General Intelligence. Nick Bostrom, the author of Superintelligence, provided this terminology. Bostrom presented a high-level perspective that distinguished between Artificial Narrow, General, and Superintelligence (ASI). AGI refers to the human intelligence level.
Bostrom's idea has had a lasting impact on our thinking about AI. However, I think the 5-level Ng concept is more practical and helps us to use AI in daily medical practice.
This article will help you understand the future waves of automation in medicine. It will provide examples of current scenes and imagine scenes that will be commonplace over the next few years.
1. Only humans: No AI
Level 1 does not include AI, advanced technology, or digital data. Imagine a doctor visiting a patient. This is the base level where humans do the work, regardless of whether they are performing manual work or entering data to create a process.
This stage is easy to visualize, as many medical procedures are still performed manually. Humans are the ones at the forefront of medical research, whether they're a doctor performing laparoscopy surgery or a researcher gathering data for a meta analysis.
2. Shadow mode: The physician teacher and the student in AI
Students learn how to be a doctor in medical school by following a designated doctor around the hospital. Under the supervision of a physician, they can take notes and ask questions. This is often called shadowing.
AI can go through a similar “training” with a “shadow mode”. A “shadow mode” AI allows for a similar process to be done. For example, a doctor may make a diagnosis using X-rays. The “trainee AI” follows the process and does not interfere with it. The algorithm takes notes, verifies accuracy of the doctor and records everything that could be used to support future diagnosis decisions by the AI. This data can be used to develop AI technologies for further automation.
Researchers from Imperial College London have already proposed a framework to evaluate the accuracy and uncertainty in human clinicians against AI in shadow mode's recommendations. This will help to determine the efficiency of the AI “student” and what areas need improvement in order to move on to the next stage.
3. The AI assistant
The AI system assists physicians at this stage in their clinical decision-making by making suggestions. After scanning a database with chest CT scans, AI examines the results and flags suspicious signs. These signs are then investigated further by the physician.
AI can be used to aid in case triage. It allows a clinician to review images and scans. It allows radiologists and cardiologists to quickly identify the most important insights to prioritize critical cases, avoid errors in electronic health records (EHRs), and make more accurate diagnoses.
This also includes the deep learning algorithm that predicts Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), in patients as early as 48 hours before.
4. Partial automation
An AI system can make its own diagnosis using partial automation. However, if it isn't confident enough, it turns to doctors for assistance. These solutions are being developed by several companies today.
Behold.ai's AI-based system, red dot classifies chest radiographs and locates its findings. It can identify abnormal chest radiographs in COVID-19 patients. It is able to assist in ‘instant triage', which accelerates diagnosis and allocating resources accordingly.
Nines, based in Palo Alto, developed an AI-system to detect intracranial hemorhage and mass effects from CT scans. The system then flags these cases for radiologists to examine.
In April 2023, the results of the first blinded, randomized clinical trial on AI case assessment for cardiology were published. They showed great results. The algorithm was accepted by cardiologists more often than sonographers' assessments. Doctors couldn't tell which output was from AI and human colleagues, which saved both time and money for sonographers.
5. Fully automated
Full automation is performed entirely by an AI and does not require human input, as the name implies. A Level 5 system could, for example, analyse a mammogram and request further testing without the need to consult a physician. Scientists speculate that some ophthalmological procedures could be automated, as some are already partially automated.
John Hopkins University has demonstrated level 5 automation with a fascinating robot that performed laparoscopic surgery without the assistance of a human. Their STAR robot was able not only to perform four operations, but it also connected two ends of their intestines, producing far better results than human surgeons performing the exact same, very difficult surgical procedure.
However, some researchers think that Level 5 automation in medical settings is ” unlikely to happen in the near future.” This makes it a long-term possibility, but raises concerns about AI replacing doctors. It is more likely that these AI systems will be able to excel at a particular task, and healthcare professionals will become increasingly interconnected with them. It is likely that AI-enabled physicians will eventually replace the ones who don't use it.
Although automation in medicine is still in its early stages, it's an area that we are making steady progress across. It's crucial that we consider the potential implications of automation in medicine. We hope this article has helped you to think along these lines and given you a better understanding of the potential for automation in medicine.
Written By Dr. Bertalan Mesko and Dr. Pranavsingh Dahunnoo
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The Medical Futurist published The 5 Levels of Automation in Medicine.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is holistic health care equivalent to alternative medicine?
Holistic Health Care differs from Alternative Medicine because it focuses on treating the whole person, not just the symptoms.
Holistic Health Care examines all aspects a person's health including the mental, emotional, spiritual and occupational factors as well as family factors.
Alternative Medicine doesn’t address these problems. It is solely concerned with the body, mind, and emotions.
What is an alternative name for medicine?
Alternative medicine is an umbrella term used to describe any approach to healing that differs significantly from conventional medical practice. While there are many alternative medical approaches, the majority are based on a belief that health care should be rooted primarily in natural substances and practices.
Alternative medicine may include acupuncture, homeopathy or herbalism, naturopathy, traditional Chinese medicine, osteopathic manipulation, traditional Chinese medicine and reflexology.
Many alternative practitioners claim that their therapies result in better health outcomes, including improved quality of life, fewer side effects, reduced costs, and greater patient satisfaction. These claims can't be supported scientifically, as mainstream medical authorities have mostly ignored the evidence-based advantages of alternative medicine.
Is holistic medicine safe?
Holistic Medicine is not as hazardous as you might think. However it does come with a few risks. Side effects most commonly include headaches and nausea. These risks must be understood by patients and balanced against the benefits of alternative treatments, such as acupuncture.
There are no cases of death from holistic medicine.
Always consult your doctor before beginning any new treatment plan.
Where can you find more information on holistic medicine and other holistic therapies?
Holistic medicine, a form of holistic medicine, focuses on the entire person and not on a single part. Holistic medicine considers all aspects a patient's lives, including their spiritual, emotional, and mental well-being.
Holistic medicine's goal is to treat the whole person rather than just individual symptoms. Holistic medicine is not about curing the disease. It promotes healing.
Holistic medicine also includes treatments for chronic conditions, such as diabetes and arthritis.
There are many kinds of holistic medicine.
- Acupuncture
- Aromatherapy
- Ayurveda
- Chiropractic medicine
- Homeopathy
- Herbalism
- Naturopathy
- Nutrition
- Osteopathic medicine
- Vedic medicine
- Yoga
What does complementary medicine mean?
Complementary Medicine refers to any medical treatment that works in conjunction with mainstream medicine. This covers treatments like acupuncture, aromatherapy and chiropractic care, homeopathy or hypnosis as well massage therapy, naturopathy, reflexology and traditional Chinese medicine.
Complementary medicine should not be considered in isolation of conventional medicine. Sometimes they're called “alternative”, or “integrative”, because they combine Western scientific methods along with other therapies that have proven to be effective in healing people.
What is the difference in alternative medicine and complementary medicine?
Alternative medicine refers only to treatment methods that are not recommended by mainstream doctors but have been proven to provide beneficial results for certain conditions. Some examples include homeopathy and aromatherapy, acupuncture, naturopathy, Ayurveda (TCM), traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine. Complementary Medicines are treatments that add to the treatment of conventional medicine. They may also be used in combination with it. These include nutritional supplements like vitamins, minerals or herbs, amino acid, enzymes or probiotics.
Both forms of medicine can be used but are not recommended by many doctors due to lack of evidence or safety concerns.
There isn't consensus among health-care providers on the best way to incorporate CAM into patient treatment.
Many CAM practices are based upon theories that have been around for thousands of years. But clinical trials in the past 20 years have suggested that these therapies might work.
Many studies show that acupuncture may help relieve pain. Similarly, preliminary data show that it may reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. A number of studies also suggest that acupuncture might improve symptoms like irritable and fibromyalgia as well as chronic fatigue syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, migraines tension headaches, anxiety, and anxiety.
Some CAM techniques may also be beneficial in treating diseases like HIV/AIDS (AIDS), diabetes, heart disease and hypertension.
Experts agree that CAM can help with many ailments, even though we still have a lot to learn about its effectiveness.
People are turning to CAM practitioners more often for relief from common diseases.
Despite growing popularity, many remain confused about the definition of “alternative” or complementary medicine.
Statistics
- category.[111]Edzard Ernst characterized the evidence for many alternative techniques as weak, nonexistent, or negative and in 2011, published his estimate that about 7.4% were based on “sound evidence.” However, he believes that may be an overestimate. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In 83% of the cases, the readers agreed. (en.wikipedia.org)
- According to the World Health Organization, 80% of people use herbal medicine worldwide. (webmd.com)
- An assessment of conventional treatments found that 41.3% concluded positive or possibly positive effects, 20% concluded no effect, 8.1% concluded net harmful effects, and 21.3% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- A 15-year systematic review published in 2022 on the global acceptance and use of CAM among medical specialists found the overall acceptance of CAM at 52% and the overall use at 45%. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE – PubMed
- PubMed: Randomized controlled trial examining the effects of foot reflexology on hospital anxiety and depression in female older adults.
liebertpub.com
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMed: The rise and rise in complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective
- Holistic medicine – PubMed
nccih.nih.gov
How To
How to pursue a career in Holistic Medicine
The field holistic medicine is expanding at an unimaginable rate. There are many paths you can take to this career. If you want to be a part of this profession, however, returning to school may be the best option.
Many schools offer holistic medicine courses. One of these schools is the National College for Complementary Medicines, which offers both undergraduate degrees and postgraduate programs. A number of programs are offered specifically for medical professionals interested in entering the field.
Many online universities also offer classes in holistic health. The Institute of Integrative Nutrition, (IIN), is one example of such an online program. The institute provides students with a range of holistic health education tools.
Another option is to enroll in a traditional four-year college. Many colleges now offer holistic courses. The University of California, for example, offers a Bachelor's degree in holistic health sciences.
You should take a nutrition course if you want to pursue a career in holistic medicine. NCCM recommends students take courses in nutrition before beginning any professional training. It is important to understand nutrition science in order to practice integrative medicine, according to the NCCM.
Because holistic medicine focuses on treating the whole person rather than just focusing on symptoms, it requires more knowledge and skill than conventional medicine does. Holistic medicine will require that holistic practitioners understand how to evaluate various types of illness from an interdisciplinary perspective.
According to the NCCM nutritionists often work alongside doctors to give dietary advice to their patients. Some will even suggest supplements or diets based on the patient's specific condition.
This is why holistic practitioners must understand the basics of nutrition. This includes knowing what foods are healthy and what ones aren't. It includes diagnosing nutritional deficiencies and other problems.
It is important to remember that holistic practitioners do not specialize in nutrition. Some practitioners focus solely on acupuncture, while others focus on herbal remedies. Still, others combine these two approaches into one treatment method.
However, most holistic practitioners recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains. They also encourage the consumption of fish and seafood. They discourage the consumption of processed food products and fast-food restaurants. Instead, they encourage people to eat organic produce whenever possible.
Holistic practitioners agree that a healthy diet can prevent illness. However, they do have differences on some points. For instance, they don't believe that gluten causes celiac disease. Rather, they think that a lack of nutrients plays a role in triggering the disorder.
However, they agree that allergic reactions can be triggered by certain foods. Anaphylaxis can also be caused by peanuts or shellfish. They also caution against excessive caffeine intake.
Many holistic practitioners will use herbs to treat different illnesses. However, they do not recommend using drugs. These practitioners feel that these drugs mask the problem and do not solve it. As a result, they prefer to rely on natural remedies when possible.
In addition to offering a variety of alternative therapies, holistic practitioners tend to employ a number of complementary methods. These include:
- Acupuncture-In Chinese medicine, acupuncture involves inserting needles strategically into the skin. It is believed that this stimulates our body's healing ability.
- Herbal therapy- Holistic practitioners use herbs to treat many disorders in addition to acupuncture. Ginseng is an example of a common herb that is used for this purpose.
- Homeopathy – Another type of traditional Chinese medicine is homeopathy. It's based on similar cures. You might experience a similar symptom when you are suffering from the same condition as someone else. If this happens, it is important to seek out a remedy that contains the exact same ingredients as the original substance.
- Massage therapy – Many holistic practitioners offer massage therapies to promote relaxation. Massage therapy is said to increase blood flow, improve energy levels, and relieve muscle tension.
You should make sure that the practitioner you choose meets your needs. For example, a practitioner who specializes in nutrition counseling is a good choice. Likewise, if you want to learn more about acupuncture, find a practitioner certified by the American Association of Oriental Medicine (AAOM).
Before you make any decisions regarding holistic healthcare, talk to your doctor. You may also wish to check with your insurance provider to know what services are covered.
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This blog is a source of general information and discussion on health and related topics. Information and materials on this blog, on the website, or in any of the connected materials are not intended to replace or used as a substitute for the advice of a medical professional, diagnosis, or treatment. This blog does not represent the application of any nursing, medical or other health professional advice or diagnosis. We are unable to diagnose health conditions, offer second opinions or provide specific treatment recommendations via this blog or on our website.
If you or another person is suffering from a medical issue and you are concerned, consult your doctor or seek out other medical professional treatment as soon as possible. Do not disregard medical advice from a professional or delay seeking it due to information you seen on the blog or website or in any of the linked materials. If you're experiencing an emergency medical situation, dial 911 or seek emergency medical assistance on the closest phone immediately.
——————————————————————————————————————————————
By: Pranavsingh Dhunnoo
Title: The 5 Levels Of Automation In Medicine
Sourced From: medicalfuturist.com/5-levels-of-automation-in-medicine
Published Date: Thu, 13 Apr 2023 08:23:11 +0000
Frequently Asked Questions
Is holistic health care equivalent to alternative medicine?
Holistic Health Care differs from Alternative Medicine because it focuses on treating the whole person, not just the symptoms.
Holistic Health Care examines all aspects a person's health including the mental, emotional, spiritual and occupational factors as well as family factors.
Alternative Medicine doesn’t address these problems. It is solely concerned with the body, mind, and emotions.
What is an alternative name for medicine?
Alternative medicine is an umbrella term used to describe any approach to healing that differs significantly from conventional medical practice. While there are many alternative medical approaches, the majority are based on a belief that health care should be rooted primarily in natural substances and practices.
Alternative medicine may include acupuncture, homeopathy or herbalism, naturopathy, traditional Chinese medicine, osteopathic manipulation, traditional Chinese medicine and reflexology.
Many alternative practitioners claim that their therapies result in better health outcomes, including improved quality of life, fewer side effects, reduced costs, and greater patient satisfaction. These claims can't be supported scientifically, as mainstream medical authorities have mostly ignored the evidence-based advantages of alternative medicine.
Is holistic medicine safe?
Holistic Medicine is not as hazardous as you might think. However it does come with a few risks. Side effects most commonly include headaches and nausea. These risks must be understood by patients and balanced against the benefits of alternative treatments, such as acupuncture.
There are no cases of death from holistic medicine.
Always consult your doctor before beginning any new treatment plan.
Where can you find more information on holistic medicine and other holistic therapies?
Holistic medicine, a form of holistic medicine, focuses on the entire person and not on a single part. Holistic medicine considers all aspects a patient's lives, including their spiritual, emotional, and mental well-being.
Holistic medicine's goal is to treat the whole person rather than just individual symptoms. Holistic medicine is not about curing the disease. It promotes healing.
Holistic medicine also includes treatments for chronic conditions, such as diabetes and arthritis.
There are many kinds of holistic medicine.
- Acupuncture
- Aromatherapy
- Ayurveda
- Chiropractic medicine
- Homeopathy
- Herbalism
- Naturopathy
- Nutrition
- Osteopathic medicine
- Vedic medicine
- Yoga
What does complementary medicine mean?
Complementary Medicine refers to any medical treatment that works in conjunction with mainstream medicine. This covers treatments like acupuncture, aromatherapy and chiropractic care, homeopathy or hypnosis as well massage therapy, naturopathy, reflexology and traditional Chinese medicine.
Complementary medicine should not be considered in isolation of conventional medicine. Sometimes they're called “alternative”, or “integrative”, because they combine Western scientific methods along with other therapies that have proven to be effective in healing people.
What is the difference in alternative medicine and complementary medicine?
Alternative medicine refers only to treatment methods that are not recommended by mainstream doctors but have been proven to provide beneficial results for certain conditions. Some examples include homeopathy and aromatherapy, acupuncture, naturopathy, Ayurveda (TCM), traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine. Complementary Medicines are treatments that add to the treatment of conventional medicine. They may also be used in combination with it. These include nutritional supplements like vitamins, minerals or herbs, amino acid, enzymes or probiotics.
Both forms of medicine can be used but are not recommended by many doctors due to lack of evidence or safety concerns.
There isn't consensus among health-care providers on the best way to incorporate CAM into patient treatment.
Many CAM practices are based upon theories that have been around for thousands of years. But clinical trials in the past 20 years have suggested that these therapies might work.
Many studies show that acupuncture may help relieve pain. Similarly, preliminary data show that it may reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. A number of studies also suggest that acupuncture might improve symptoms like irritable and fibromyalgia as well as chronic fatigue syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, migraines tension headaches, anxiety, and anxiety.
Some CAM techniques may also be beneficial in treating diseases like HIV/AIDS (AIDS), diabetes, heart disease and hypertension.
Experts agree that CAM can help with many ailments, even though we still have a lot to learn about its effectiveness.
People are turning to CAM practitioners more often for relief from common diseases.
Despite growing popularity, many remain confused about the definition of “alternative” or complementary medicine.
Statistics
- category.[111]Edzard Ernst characterized the evidence for many alternative techniques as weak, nonexistent, or negative and in 2011, published his estimate that about 7.4% were based on “sound evidence.” However, he believes that may be an overestimate. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In 83% of the cases, the readers agreed. (en.wikipedia.org)
- According to the World Health Organization, 80% of people use herbal medicine worldwide. (webmd.com)
- An assessment of conventional treatments found that 41.3% concluded positive or possibly positive effects, 20% concluded no effect, 8.1% concluded net harmful effects, and 21.3% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- A 15-year systematic review published in 2022 on the global acceptance and use of CAM among medical specialists found the overall acceptance of CAM at 52% and the overall use at 45%. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE – PubMed
- PubMed: Randomized controlled trial examining the effects of foot reflexology on hospital anxiety and depression in female older adults.
liebertpub.com
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- PubMed: The rise and rise in complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective
- Holistic medicine – PubMed
nccih.nih.gov
How To
How to pursue a career in Holistic Medicine
The field holistic medicine is expanding at an unimaginable rate. There are many paths you can take to this career. If you want to be a part of this profession, however, returning to school may be the best option.
Many schools offer holistic medicine courses. One of these schools is the National College for Complementary Medicines, which offers both undergraduate degrees and postgraduate programs. A number of programs are offered specifically for medical professionals interested in entering the field.
Many online universities also offer classes in holistic health. The Institute of Integrative Nutrition, (IIN), is one example of such an online program. The institute provides students with a range of holistic health education tools.
Another option is to enroll in a traditional four-year college. Many colleges now offer holistic courses. The University of California, for example, offers a Bachelor's degree in holistic health sciences.
You should take a nutrition course if you want to pursue a career in holistic medicine. NCCM recommends students take courses in nutrition before beginning any professional training. It is important to understand nutrition science in order to practice integrative medicine, according to the NCCM.
Because holistic medicine focuses on treating the whole person rather than just focusing on symptoms, it requires more knowledge and skill than conventional medicine does. Holistic medicine will require that holistic practitioners understand how to evaluate various types of illness from an interdisciplinary perspective.
According to the NCCM nutritionists often work alongside doctors to give dietary advice to their patients. Some will even suggest supplements or diets based on the patient's specific condition.
This is why holistic practitioners must understand the basics of nutrition. This includes knowing what foods are healthy and what ones aren't. It includes diagnosing nutritional deficiencies and other problems.
It is important to remember that holistic practitioners do not specialize in nutrition. Some practitioners focus solely on acupuncture, while others focus on herbal remedies. Still, others combine these two approaches into one treatment method.
However, most holistic practitioners recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains. They also encourage the consumption of fish and seafood. They discourage the consumption of processed food products and fast-food restaurants. Instead, they encourage people to eat organic produce whenever possible.
Holistic practitioners agree that a healthy diet can prevent illness. However, they do have differences on some points. For instance, they don't believe that gluten causes celiac disease. Rather, they think that a lack of nutrients plays a role in triggering the disorder.
However, they agree that allergic reactions can be triggered by certain foods. Anaphylaxis can also be caused by peanuts or shellfish. They also caution against excessive caffeine intake.
Many holistic practitioners will use herbs to treat different illnesses. However, they do not recommend using drugs. These practitioners feel that these drugs mask the problem and do not solve it. As a result, they prefer to rely on natural remedies when possible.
In addition to offering a variety of alternative therapies, holistic practitioners tend to employ a number of complementary methods. These include:
- Acupuncture-In Chinese medicine, acupuncture involves inserting needles strategically into the skin. It is believed that this stimulates our body's healing ability.
- Herbal therapy- Holistic practitioners use herbs to treat many disorders in addition to acupuncture. Ginseng is an example of a common herb that is used for this purpose.
- Homeopathy – Another type of traditional Chinese medicine is homeopathy. It's based on similar cures. You might experience a similar symptom when you are suffering from the same condition as someone else. If this happens, it is important to seek out a remedy that contains the exact same ingredients as the original substance.
- Massage therapy – Many holistic practitioners offer massage therapies to promote relaxation. Massage therapy is said to increase blood flow, improve energy levels, and relieve muscle tension.
You should make sure that the practitioner you choose meets your needs. For example, a practitioner who specializes in nutrition counseling is a good choice. Likewise, if you want to learn more about acupuncture, find a practitioner certified by the American Association of Oriental Medicine (AAOM).
Before you make any decisions regarding holistic healthcare, talk to your doctor. You may also wish to check with your insurance provider to know what services are covered.
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