The use of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Bard in healthcare and medicine is not only promising, but also challenging. We must ensure that they are used safely in an environment with lives at stake to unlock their immense benefits. Our task is to create a robust ethical framework that will allow these AI models to be used without stifling innovation.
The Imperative for Regulatory Oversight for Large Language Models in Healthcare, published by Dr Eric Topol in Nature's npj Digital Medicine analysed both the challenges and possibilities of LLM regulations in order to make them available for healthcare use.
New kinds of rules are needed
Since LLMs are different from AI algorithms, deep learning methods and existing regulations, regulators must consider a wide range of scenarios and perspectives.
They are distinguished by a range of characteristics, including:
- Scale and Complexity– LLMs use billions of parameters resulting in an unprecedented level of complexity. Healthcare regulators do not cover their “processing method” of tokenization.
- wide applicability– LLMs are more versatile than specialized deep learning algorithms. Since they are used in many different sectors, including finance and healthcare, a one-size fits all regulation will not be sufficient.
- real time adaptation – LLMs are able to adapt their responses in response to user inputs, and the changing context of a “conversation”, similar to adaptive algorithms.
- data security and privacy – a complex problem that has many facets, from the ownership of training data (with a small exaggeration – the content of all libraries and the internet) to the protection of user data collected by our prompts to the question of who owns results of human-LLM collaboration.
The use LLMs brings new challenges to medical practice
LLMs can be a great asset to healthcare, but they also increase the risks and challenges. No LLMs have been pre-trained with medical information, or millions of patient records or images, lab data or office visits, or even bedside conversations. However, according to reports, Google MedPaLM may be an LLM that has this type of training, but is not accessible to laypeople.
The training process of GPT-4 remains secret. These models are still very useful in medicine. They can be used for everything from providing personalized health plans to clinical documentation.
Nevertheless, the current models may also produce “hallucinated” results or misleading information. This could result in incorrect diagnosis or treatment recommendations. Biases can impact clinical decision making, patient outcomes and healthcare equity. Chatbots may provide patients with information prior to their medical consultation, which can complicate the dynamic between physician and patient.
We must regulate the future and not just the current
At the moment, most advanced LLMs (publicly accessible) work with text inputs. We know these models are already able to analyze images and we can expect that they will soon be able to deal with documents, research papers and handwritten notes. Future regulations will have to address these future uses.
LLMs are a challenge for companies with approved devices who decide to integrate them into their services. How will the FDA regulate a medical AI technology that has recently been infused with LLM, if it was approved for medical purposes?
Our Practical Expectations
This is a summary of my expectations for the regulators in this area.
- Create a new category of LLMs
- Provide regulatory guidance to companies and healthcare organisations about how to deploy LLMs in their existing products and services
- Create a regulatory structure that covers not only text-based interactions, but also future iterations like analyzing sound and video.
- Create a framework to distinguish between LLMs who are specifically trained in medical data, and LLMs who are trained for non-medical applications.
- Regulate companies that develop LLMs, rather than regulating each LLM version.
It is possible, by taking a proactive regulatory approach, to maximize the potential, minimise potential harm, and maintain the trust of both patients and healthcare providers. It is also interesting to think that LLMs may become the first AI-based medical technology regulated by implementing a patient-focused design.
Why and how to regulate large language models like ChatGPT in healthcare? The Medical Futurist published the first article Why and how to regulate large language models like ChatGPT in healthcare?
Frequently Asked Questions
What does holistic mean?
Holistic simply means holistic. Holistic is a way to look at the whole picture instead of just one aspect. It is difficult to do this because we tend to see things as individual parts.
Most people think only in terms of white and black. There are many shades and shades of grey.
Try to look at everything from different perspectives when you work on a project. Consider it from every side.
Take the time to look at it as a whole. Is there a way for its elements to interact?
Ask yourself why you are having trouble with a particular element. Also, consider the impact of any changes that you make.
Alternative medicine is important.
Alternative medicines are more popular than traditional ones because they're usually cheaper and healthier. However, there have been many cases where patients have died after taking these treatments, sometimes due to side effects such as allergic reactions. It's also possible that certain alternative therapies may not help at all.
In addition, alternative medicines can be dangerous if you don't know enough about them to choose the right ones. Vitamin supplements, for example, are not regulated like pharmaceuticals. It is easy to overdose on vitamins. Even worse, some alternative remedies contain toxic chemicals.
What is holistic medicine's opposite?
Holistic medicine is an approach to health care that considers all aspects of the human body and its emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental dimensions. Holistic medicine is based in the notion that any illness must have multiple causes. This means that it needs a combination of treatment options to be effective.
Holistic medicine physicians believe prevention is better then cure. They partner with patients to achieve optimal wellness.
They look for the root causes of disease to prevent them from returning. Holistic physicians look at the whole person and not just the physical organs. They often refer to the entire being as “the body.”
This means that they look beyond the skin and treat the body holistically. The doctor may recommend changes to your diet, exercise, or life style. He may also recommend meditation or yoga exercises, herbal supplementation, massage or chiropractic treatment, as well as acupuncture and other forms of alternative medicine.
Is it possible for a holistic doctor to prescribe prescriptions?
Holistic medicine is founded on the principle that all diseases can be caused or exacerbated by a variety of factors.
These factors are important to consider when prescribing medications. This is part of a balanced approach to treating patients.
To understand how each factor affects a patient, a physician must understand modern science and traditional methods such as herbs and homeopathy.
Many doctors are certified to practice complementary and alternative medicine (C&A). This allows doctors to offer a broad range of services to their patients.
What are 5 domains within integrative medicine, and how do they relate to each other?
Mind-body, nutrition and social determinants are the five domains of integrative medical. Lifestyle, prevention, and lifestyle are all included. These five areas cover all aspects of health care including spiritual, physical, and environmental well being.
Integrative medicine offers a comprehensive approach for addressing your overall health, well-being, and treatment of diseases. It includes both conventional medical treatment and complementary therapies such acupuncture.
Statistics
- These studies found that 38.4% concluded positive or possibly positive effects for CAM (12.4%), 4.8% concluded no effect, 0.7% concluded harmful effects, and 56.6% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- category.[111]Edzard Ernst characterized the evidence for many alternative techniques as weak, nonexistent, or negative and in 2011, published his estimate that about 7.4% were based on “sound evidence.” However, he believes that may be an overestimate. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In the 17% in which they disagreed, a third reader agreed with one of the initial readers to set a rating. (en.wikipedia.org)
- An assessment of conventional treatments found that 41.3% concluded positive or possibly positive effects, 20% concluded no effect, 8.1% concluded net harmful effects, and 21.3% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In 83% of the cases, the readers agreed. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
cam.cancer.gov
nccih.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING & TENSION-TYPE HEADADACHE – PubMed
- PubMed: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effects of Foot Reflexology on Depression and Hospital Anxiety in Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Study – PubMed
liebertpub.com
- Games for Health Journal by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
How To
What Are The Advances And Shortcomings Of Holistic Medicine?
Holistic medicine is a medical practice that emphasizes the importance of mind, body, spirit, environment, and social factors in the healing process. The late 19th-century pioneer of holistic medicine was Dr. Edward Bach (1886-1936), the author of The Doctor's Book of Mind Cure. He relied on simple techniques like visualization, meditation, and hypnosis. People with stress, anxiety, depression or pain experienced this treatment. This therapy is also helpful for patients who want to improve their lives and cope with their issues.
Although holistic therapies are still practiced today, they have lost popularity because of the lack of evidence supporting their effectiveness. Some studies show that holistic treatments can reduce symptoms such as arthritis, asthma, diabetes and heart disease.
Advances and shortcomings of holistic medicine are:
- Lack of scientific evidence. The benefits of holistic therapies can only be evaluated in a small number of well-designed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Positive results are found in the majority of observational studies.
- Comparable to traditional medicine, alternative medicines are less expensive. Alternative medicines may be more affordable than traditional medicines, especially if the patient eats a healthy diet.
- Patients do not feel pressured to comply with the prescribed protocol.
- Many doctors will recommend complementary treatments, even if they are not prescribed.
- Many holistic therapies can be used alongside conventional medicine. For example, acupuncture may be combined with medication or surgery.
- Alternative treatments are more effective than conventional medicine, according to many people.
- Alternative medicines can be considered more natural than conventional drugs.
- Many patients seek out complementary therapies to help them adapt their lifestyles. They want to be healthy but also want to enjoy their lives.
- Patients who use holistic treatments are generally healthier.
- An increasing number of older adults are turning to holistic treatment.
- More research needs to be conducted on complementary treatments.
- Studies have shown that the majority of people would rather try alternative treatments than see a doctor.
- Doctors need to understand that not all patients will benefit from alternative treatments.
- Holistic therapies should be part our culture and education system.
- Holistic treatments may not always be safe for everyone.
- We must learn how to teach patients about different therapies so that they can make informed decisions.
- Holistic treatments are not just for hippies.
- Certain diseases can't be treated holistically.
- Sometimes, holistic treatments can be dangerous.
- For specific conditions, holistic treatments can be helpful.
- Holistic treatments are very effective.
- Holistic treatments are based off ancient wisdom.
- Holistic treatments can be easy to learn.
- It is difficult to learn holistic treatments.
- Holistic treatments are hard to learn.
- Holistic treatments are too expensive.
- Holistic treatments are expensive.
- Holistic therapies can be more cost-effective than traditional medicine.
- Holistic treatments tend to be more expensive that conventional medicine.
****
Holistic Medicine–A Brief History
Holistic medicine treats the whole person. It is not about treating their symptoms. It includes physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual, occupational, environmental, cultural, and lifestyle influences. Prevention is better than treatment. It focuses on prevention and management of disease, such as diet, exercise, relaxation, stress management, and so forth.
The first holistic medical school was established at Bastyr University in Seattle in 1972. Holistic medicine grew after Dr. Andrew Weil's book “Spontaneous Healing” was published in 1996. Dr. David Williams and Michael Murray established the American Holistic Medical Association (AHMA). There are hundreds of holistic medicine programs worldwide today, including Bastyr University (Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons), Maharishi Ayurveda Institute and Pacific School of Oriental Medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine is also available.
Holistic medicine was named by the World Health Organization as one of the five most important trends in healthcare. This trend focuses on integrating traditional care with complementary therapies like acupuncture, homeopathy and herbalism, massage therapy (reiki), yoga, meditation, and even tai-chi. This integration aims to provide safe, effective, patient-centered care while minimizing side effects and costs.
Holistic medicine works due to the interconnectedness between our mind-body-spirit. An imbalance in any of these components can lead to illness. Take, for example:
Anxiety and stress can make you anxious, causing you to feel tense or out of balance. Cortisol is a hormone that causes inflammation in your body. You feel weak, tired, and sick as a result.
Anxiety and negative emotions can lead to anxiety, fear, grief, sadness, and other unpleasant feelings. These feelings create stress in your brain. If you don't treat this stress, your body can produce adrenaline (and cortisol) if it isn't addressed. Adrenaline stimulates your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Cortisol is a hormone that affects your immune, digestive, and nervous systems. Both hormones can cause muscle tension, fatigue, headaches (dizziness), insomnia, anxiety and depression, among other health problems.
You can lose your faith and hope in life if you feel depressed. You may also lack self-esteem and confidence. This can lead to poor eating habits, unhealthy relationships, and low energy. When your spirit is healthy, you feel happy, joyous, peaceful, and optimistic.
There are differences between alternative and traditional medicine.
Allopathic medicine is based upon the scientific method. Doctors use xrays to diagnose patients. If necessary, doctors prescribe medications and may perform surgery. Allopathic doctors believe their knowledge of human anatomy and the best ways to treat diseases. Alternative medicine can be used for vitamins, minerals, diet and exercise. Alternative medicine is not defined in a standard way. It is sometimes called natural medicine, integrative medical, or complementary medicine. Other names include traditional medicine and naturopathic medicines.
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This blog is a source of general information and discussion on health and related topics. Information and materials on this blog, on the website, or in any of the connected materials are not intended to replace or used as a substitute for the advice of a medical professional, diagnosis, or treatment. This blog does not represent the application of any nursing, medical or other health professional advice or diagnosis. We are unable to diagnose health conditions, offer second opinions or provide specific treatment recommendations via this blog or on our website.
If you or another person is suffering from a medical issue and you are concerned, consult your doctor or seek out other medical professional treatment as soon as possible. Do not disregard medical advice from a professional or delay seeking it due to information you seen on the blog or website or in any of the linked materials. If you're experiencing an emergency medical situation, dial 911 or seek emergency medical assistance on the closest phone immediately.
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By: Andrea Koncz
Title: Why And How To Regulate ChatGPT-Like Large Language Models In Healthcare?
Sourced From: medicalfuturist.com/why-and-how-to-regulate-chatgpt-like-large-language-models-in-healthcare
Published Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 08:19:34 +0000
Frequently Asked Questions
What does holistic mean?
Holistic simply means holistic. Holistic is a way to look at the whole picture instead of just one aspect. It is difficult to do this because we tend to see things as individual parts.
Most people think only in terms of white and black. There are many shades and shades of grey.
Try to look at everything from different perspectives when you work on a project. Consider it from every side.
Take the time to look at it as a whole. Is there a way for its elements to interact?
Ask yourself why you are having trouble with a particular element. Also, consider the impact of any changes that you make.
Alternative medicine is important.
Alternative medicines are more popular than traditional ones because they're usually cheaper and healthier. However, there have been many cases where patients have died after taking these treatments, sometimes due to side effects such as allergic reactions. It's also possible that certain alternative therapies may not help at all.
In addition, alternative medicines can be dangerous if you don't know enough about them to choose the right ones. Vitamin supplements, for example, are not regulated like pharmaceuticals. It is easy to overdose on vitamins. Even worse, some alternative remedies contain toxic chemicals.
What is holistic medicine's opposite?
Holistic medicine is an approach to health care that considers all aspects of the human body and its emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental dimensions. Holistic medicine is based in the notion that any illness must have multiple causes. This means that it needs a combination of treatment options to be effective.
Holistic medicine physicians believe prevention is better then cure. They partner with patients to achieve optimal wellness.
They look for the root causes of disease to prevent them from returning. Holistic physicians look at the whole person and not just the physical organs. They often refer to the entire being as “the body.”
This means that they look beyond the skin and treat the body holistically. The doctor may recommend changes to your diet, exercise, or life style. He may also recommend meditation or yoga exercises, herbal supplementation, massage or chiropractic treatment, as well as acupuncture and other forms of alternative medicine.
Is it possible for a holistic doctor to prescribe prescriptions?
Holistic medicine is founded on the principle that all diseases can be caused or exacerbated by a variety of factors.
These factors are important to consider when prescribing medications. This is part of a balanced approach to treating patients.
To understand how each factor affects a patient, a physician must understand modern science and traditional methods such as herbs and homeopathy.
Many doctors are certified to practice complementary and alternative medicine (C&A). This allows doctors to offer a broad range of services to their patients.
What are 5 domains within integrative medicine, and how do they relate to each other?
Mind-body, nutrition and social determinants are the five domains of integrative medical. Lifestyle, prevention, and lifestyle are all included. These five areas cover all aspects of health care including spiritual, physical, and environmental well being.
Integrative medicine offers a comprehensive approach for addressing your overall health, well-being, and treatment of diseases. It includes both conventional medical treatment and complementary therapies such acupuncture.
Statistics
- These studies found that 38.4% concluded positive or possibly positive effects for CAM (12.4%), 4.8% concluded no effect, 0.7% concluded harmful effects, and 56.6% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- category.[111]Edzard Ernst characterized the evidence for many alternative techniques as weak, nonexistent, or negative and in 2011, published his estimate that about 7.4% were based on “sound evidence.” However, he believes that may be an overestimate. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In the 17% in which they disagreed, a third reader agreed with one of the initial readers to set a rating. (en.wikipedia.org)
- An assessment of conventional treatments found that 41.3% concluded positive or possibly positive effects, 20% concluded no effect, 8.1% concluded net harmful effects, and 21.3% concluded insufficient evidence. (en.wikipedia.org)
- In 83% of the cases, the readers agreed. (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
cam.cancer.gov
nccih.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING & TENSION-TYPE HEADADACHE – PubMed
- PubMed: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effects of Foot Reflexology on Depression and Hospital Anxiety in Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Study – PubMed
liebertpub.com
- Games for Health Journal by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
How To
What Are The Advances And Shortcomings Of Holistic Medicine?
Holistic medicine is a medical practice that emphasizes the importance of mind, body, spirit, environment, and social factors in the healing process. The late 19th-century pioneer of holistic medicine was Dr. Edward Bach (1886-1936), the author of The Doctor's Book of Mind Cure. He relied on simple techniques like visualization, meditation, and hypnosis. People with stress, anxiety, depression or pain experienced this treatment. This therapy is also helpful for patients who want to improve their lives and cope with their issues.
Although holistic therapies are still practiced today, they have lost popularity because of the lack of evidence supporting their effectiveness. Some studies show that holistic treatments can reduce symptoms such as arthritis, asthma, diabetes and heart disease.
Advances and shortcomings of holistic medicine are:
- Lack of scientific evidence. The benefits of holistic therapies can only be evaluated in a small number of well-designed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Positive results are found in the majority of observational studies.
- Comparable to traditional medicine, alternative medicines are less expensive. Alternative medicines may be more affordable than traditional medicines, especially if the patient eats a healthy diet.
- Patients do not feel pressured to comply with the prescribed protocol.
- Many doctors will recommend complementary treatments, even if they are not prescribed.
- Many holistic therapies can be used alongside conventional medicine. For example, acupuncture may be combined with medication or surgery.
- Alternative treatments are more effective than conventional medicine, according to many people.
- Alternative medicines can be considered more natural than conventional drugs.
- Many patients seek out complementary therapies to help them adapt their lifestyles. They want to be healthy but also want to enjoy their lives.
- Patients who use holistic treatments are generally healthier.
- An increasing number of older adults are turning to holistic treatment.
- More research needs to be conducted on complementary treatments.
- Studies have shown that the majority of people would rather try alternative treatments than see a doctor.
- Doctors need to understand that not all patients will benefit from alternative treatments.
- Holistic therapies should be part our culture and education system.
- Holistic treatments may not always be safe for everyone.
- We must learn how to teach patients about different therapies so that they can make informed decisions.
- Holistic treatments are not just for hippies.
- Certain diseases can't be treated holistically.
- Sometimes, holistic treatments can be dangerous.
- For specific conditions, holistic treatments can be helpful.
- Holistic treatments are very effective.
- Holistic treatments are based off ancient wisdom.
- Holistic treatments can be easy to learn.
- It is difficult to learn holistic treatments.
- Holistic treatments are hard to learn.
- Holistic treatments are too expensive.
- Holistic treatments are expensive.
- Holistic therapies can be more cost-effective than traditional medicine.
- Holistic treatments tend to be more expensive that conventional medicine.
****
Holistic Medicine–A Brief History
Holistic medicine treats the whole person. It is not about treating their symptoms. It includes physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual, occupational, environmental, cultural, and lifestyle influences. Prevention is better than treatment. It focuses on prevention and management of disease, such as diet, exercise, relaxation, stress management, and so forth.
The first holistic medical school was established at Bastyr University in Seattle in 1972. Holistic medicine grew after Dr. Andrew Weil's book “Spontaneous Healing” was published in 1996. Dr. David Williams and Michael Murray established the American Holistic Medical Association (AHMA). There are hundreds of holistic medicine programs worldwide today, including Bastyr University (Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons), Maharishi Ayurveda Institute and Pacific School of Oriental Medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine is also available.
Holistic medicine was named by the World Health Organization as one of the five most important trends in healthcare. This trend focuses on integrating traditional care with complementary therapies like acupuncture, homeopathy and herbalism, massage therapy (reiki), yoga, meditation, and even tai-chi. This integration aims to provide safe, effective, patient-centered care while minimizing side effects and costs.
Holistic medicine works due to the interconnectedness between our mind-body-spirit. An imbalance in any of these components can lead to illness. Take, for example:
Anxiety and stress can make you anxious, causing you to feel tense or out of balance. Cortisol is a hormone that causes inflammation in your body. You feel weak, tired, and sick as a result.
Anxiety and negative emotions can lead to anxiety, fear, grief, sadness, and other unpleasant feelings. These feelings create stress in your brain. If you don't treat this stress, your body can produce adrenaline (and cortisol) if it isn't addressed. Adrenaline stimulates your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Cortisol is a hormone that affects your immune, digestive, and nervous systems. Both hormones can cause muscle tension, fatigue, headaches (dizziness), insomnia, anxiety and depression, among other health problems.
You can lose your faith and hope in life if you feel depressed. You may also lack self-esteem and confidence. This can lead to poor eating habits, unhealthy relationships, and low energy. When your spirit is healthy, you feel happy, joyous, peaceful, and optimistic.
There are differences between alternative and traditional medicine.
Allopathic medicine is based upon the scientific method. Doctors use xrays to diagnose patients. If necessary, doctors prescribe medications and may perform surgery. Allopathic doctors believe their knowledge of human anatomy and the best ways to treat diseases. Alternative medicine can be used for vitamins, minerals, diet and exercise. Alternative medicine is not defined in a standard way. It is sometimes called natural medicine, integrative medical, or complementary medicine. Other names include traditional medicine and naturopathic medicines.
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